& i5 l& O+ ^- }# ~3 `! V公仔箱論壇葛維寶稱，在中國同樣包含了很多反對改革制度的社會人士，無不令改革派受到阻礙；對此，他認同中國改革的步伐與進程。 6 R6 ~2 l, E4 Q* l: Y, c7 |tvboxnow.com 0 h Y; ]5 o7 ^tvboxnow.comTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。* v) Z- t# ^1 U4 `, y' N9 P
What China Means by ‘Rule of Law’ tvboxnow.com* o" K$ y0 n- h# N7 j' E4 B
By PAUL GEWIRTZ ; B. m m6 A0 z! V8 d" Stvboxnow.com 4 l3 w, t$ h/ {; m! STVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。NEW HAVEN — Two weeks ago, with the democracy protests in Hong Kong in full swing, China’s official People’s Daily newspaper labeled them“illegal” and called for protecting “the rule of law” in Hong Kong. Such statements left observers with little doubt about a central meaning “the rule of law” has in the People’s Republic: the Communist Party’s use of law to control and regulate society.公仔箱論壇% G3 f( e" @7 I4 Z8 O' ]/ `
+ D# h, J6 s2 R" |: P: B6 s公仔箱論壇Yet there’s plenty of evidence that China sees the rule of law in far more nuanced and complex ways. Today the Communist Party’s 18th Central Committee starts its Fourth Plenum, and the main topic will be the rule of law in China — the first time in party history that a meeting with the authority of a plenary session will focus on the rule of law. And there are reasons for a measure of optimism that the plenum will demonstrate more complex views about the roles law can play and also take meaningful steps to advance new legal reforms.6 f7 |& q& P1 f" j5 |% b1 d' j/ V
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Of course, legal reform has major limits in China’s one-party authoritarian system. There won’t be true judicial independence. All bets are off whenever the party sees a threat to its continued power; steps toward the rule of law don’t mean steps toward multiparty political democracy, which China’s current leaders totally resist. When the plenum issues its report, it will surely underscore that one central role of law is to maintain social order. 9 g* g$ x0 M, W- O; ? 2 I- u( W$ [6 c$ R) J7 E+ tBut, contrary to what pessimistic observers have predicted, the plenum is not likely to treat law as merely a tool for the party to control Chinese society, a throwback to the “Legalist School” of philosophy from 2,200 years ago which President Xi Jinping seems fond of quoting. Chinese society and its legal system have already changed too fundamentally for that, and the current regime led by Mr. Xi has already signed onto many reforms and even adjustments in ideology that represent positive steps toward a modern system of rule of law. These changes aren’t just window-dressing; they reflect the leadership’s recognition that it needs to improve governance, address widespread public grievances, and respond to public opinion.2 R- s' y8 I& s5 L
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Consider some legal reforms that have been made in just the last few years. Use of the death penalty has been cut roughly in half, with improved procedures for deciding on its use. A new Criminal Procedure Law has been adopted, providing significantly more protections to suspects and defendants. The odious system of “re-education through labor” has been abolished (though, to be sure, what will replace it is still not clear). ' N3 G. P% w+ C0 \5 H' y8 I& gTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 8 B* e) Z% g1 `4 vtvboxnow.comA sea change has taken place in government transparency, with important requirements of open government information changing the relationship between the state and citizens. Zhou Qiang, the strong new president of the Supreme People’s Court,recently issued a five-year judicial reform plan promising to enhance court independence from interfering local governments, increase judicial openness and transparency, improve fairness to individual litigants, and further professionalize judging. 7 f3 c' _* _1 |& o ' T. [* h# b. T6 x! x# t2 h公仔箱論壇Some critics point to recent official statements demonizing “constitutionalism” and ask how can China be serious about legal reform if it denigrates or sidelines its own Constitution. In fact, “constitutionalism” has become a code word for a specific idea: importing Western political democracy, which China’s leaders will not accept. But as for the Constitution itself, Mr. Xi recently called it China’s “fundamental law” and said that to “govern the nation by law means to govern in accordance with the Constitution.” China currently has no effective mechanism for enforcing its Constitution — a major deficiency — but at least that crucial topic is now being openly discussed.. f" d4 a9 V/ S: |' b, b8 K* _8 d
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China’s leaders see improving the legal system not simply as a way to control society but as away to rein in wayward bureaucrats, insist that local officials carry out national policies, establish rules of the road for a more robust economy,provide peaceful ways for citizens to resolve disputes and seek redress for grievances, reduce the corruption that’s seen as the greatest threat to the Party’s continued hold on power — in short, to constrain government itself, not just to control society and contain social unrest. Mr. Xi may have been playing to the crowds when he recently spoke of “locking power in a cage,” but it was a recognition that the party needs to constrain some of its power in order to keep it.tvboxnow.com! D T. G) k6 G" C0 }* {! G
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Moreover, China’s maturing legal community, as well as ordinary Chinese citizens, follow these developments carefully, so expectations have been raised. Failure to deliver and actually enforce reforms would create a destabilizing push back on China’s leaders. The most convincing reason for outsiders to be cautiously optimistic about these developments is that many legal figures within China, like the revered legal scholar and reformer Jiang Ping, have written about the plenum with cautious optimism.$ k! a ]" m! \+ r
This is not to say that China is about to abandon its preoccupation with “social stability,” which too often means silencing or imprisoning peaceful dissenters and activists who blow the whistle on some of the country’s many woes, including environmental degradation, abuses of power and needless policies against Tibetans and Uighurs.. But in the eyes of China’s leaders, social stability is what enabled China to lift hundreds of millions of people out of poverty in a mere few decades, generate huge economic growth, and peacefully re-establish China as a major power among nations. The prospects for legal reform will be greatly enhanced if China’s leaders come to see how the rule of law itself contributes to social stability. # o. X- C1 B1 O- Y* C' [+ L, Z" @; P6 X" u
Above all, we should recognize that every reform made or promised in China, even in a regime that contains factions opposed to reform, provides an opening for a large group of scholars, activists, reform-minded officials, as well as ordinary citizens to push to implement the changes and to find new openings for reform. The constraints are real, but so are the dynamics for producing ongoing reforms.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; Q& K8 [' D0 C0 d7 H0 A( y
. f5 h( Y) J' c0 e/ U公仔箱論壇公仔箱論壇5 M' n8 Q, C* e2 ]( L Paul Gewirtz is a professor of law, and the director of the China Center, at Yale Law School. 作者: maniac2000 時間: 2014-10-29 09:13 AM
中华人民共和国宪法序言第七段已经明文规定党领导一切，包括所谓的人大，人民民主专政，所以这次的四中全会，只是明确了党权高于一切而已，用反腐打击对手，提高自己个人形象与地位，再以明确法权属于党领导之下，强调一党独裁的合法性，这就是中共也是习近平的施政方针与理念。在四大全会的决议中，明文规定，可以对“不全时适"的法律进行修改，也就说明。党有修改法律的权力。这种根本就不是什么法治。完完全全的党权治国。与当纳粹上台后的所作所为没有一丝一毫区别。党权高于法权，党干部滥用党权，欺压法权，违法轻究，违法不究的年代即将开始。悲哉我中华大地，悲哉我中华百姓！作者: felicity2010 時間: 2014-10-31 07:08 AM
本帖最後由 felicity2010 於 2014-10-31 07:09 AM 編輯 " T) Y- P7 o. H: _* ?7 L( V 2 e1 p. K0 E& gtvboxnow.com刑法修正案減言論維權空間公仔箱論壇% _$ y! V) Q% q; R) v1 _
造謠納刑事 擾亂法庭定義擴充( ?" C1 w' _ f3 N, B$ c5 [
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$ Y5 `4 h v+ N$ i0 l/ g b公仔箱論壇參與寫作領導人數創新高公仔箱論壇0 x, d& @7 L# p. Z# X% g- G
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此外，《決定》起草小組的主要成員還包括全國人大法律委員會主任喬曉陽、中央改革辦副主任穆虹、中央保密辦主任孟祥鋒、國安部長耿惠昌、司法部長吳愛英、中央政法委秘書長汪永清等人。 2 j- k2 K+ H" R# ctvboxnow.com公仔箱論壇. Z! n6 S* I2 I$ A9 T: R. [/ f1 c6 a
' r; H. Y m3 L- I S# b; w公仔箱論壇四中未提周永康官方：已非領導 : X, C* ~# ` y8 I- ~- Jtvboxnow.com/ e7 V9 {/ N8 K$ v2 G/ J4 f+ U4 Y
【明報專訊】國新辦昨日舉行記者會，中共中央司法體制改革領導小組辦公室負責人姜偉（圖）在記者會上回答路透社記者提問時表示，「關於四中全會為什麼沒有提到周永康案件，因為目前周永康不再擔任中央領導職務，所以這次全會沒有就他的問題作出相關的決定。」 . P8 m% M4 f9 _0 {; \ - B# }3 r& F1 z+ \: Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvb人民網引述姜偉說，「關於周永康案件的查辦，體現了我們黨中央堅決懲治腐敗的態度和決心，至於周永康案件的情况和查辦的進展，我不了解這方面的情况，無法回應你的問題。」 : P) }, J) ]0 @: w公仔箱論壇 + [$ Y6 |! A1 F2 z V8 k. D2 Htvb now,tvbnow,bttvb( v3 V9 r7 A2 q$ ?0 ]8 G8 _
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" i; |0 J! p- ^4 ~6 s% y2 i4 }而在國防部例行記者會上，國防部新聞事務局副局長、新聞發言人楊宇軍上校表示，對於中央軍委前副主席徐才厚的家人涉嫌受賄犯罪的，根據查明的事實證據，將依法進行處理。對於其他涉案人員，堅決一查到底，絕不姑息。. i" F5 W. a. W+ \* d
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[attach]2971396[/attach] ( Y3 I' Z6 e( f# H- }% n' o. r' wTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。 # A# y3 [# V' S! Q$ q' s1 h( F7 Jtvboxnow.com周永康未定案，徐才厚將死緩/打蒼蠅不打老虎？〈國情揭露〉 9 t8 R9 i: b4 w9 J: C6 M0 CTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。[youtube]_-888kn6VLM[/youtube]tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb! R# W# ^* O& T }) \, m- r7 X
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