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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
; T$ c! ~' f8 P$ z, }& Ttvboxnow.comof our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
! `" z4 F+ N5 Ndeforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.
7 u; b9 I8 o# K: Ptvboxnow.comWe’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
; l7 n% ?+ R( j+ d9 castronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana4 q" J3 l% c. u9 z0 V# @  {
This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
4 @; P& A# `8 S) C& b2 O7 gAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
6 b& L6 R: C7 Q3 jToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb1 F/ N" u$ b2 u4 k
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The tvboxnow.com1 ^8 F1 Z7 I/ Q0 L2 ]- q
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.公仔箱論壇4 u# j' h" }( K/ _4 S9 `
Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
# I- R0 ], O* ?+ W/ _3 }公仔箱論壇contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
, x$ l2 z  N- m, q& {9 G- Q; W公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
& }/ U& }, i. R4 z3 lTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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: |6 V( p/ ?+ T; D  H$ r5 R公仔箱論壇Escondida Mine, Chile
- }3 @$ e: A1 W: Ttvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThe Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 X) @$ N9 e2 ?1 F# t4 T
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。$ _% t4 d( I1 h; j* j5 r6 k0 c
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。5 ^( t" W; }7 m5 `
This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
8 j2 T. h8 r" u$ y/ A# W1 ?公仔箱論壇aboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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4 m2 _/ y0 s+ o$ z( \$ g公仔箱論壇Bingham Canyon Mine, UtahTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: \# Z6 o: j' ?! l1 E& A
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
7 Z; U5 A$ x. I, Ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvbmore than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75
8 F( X; L$ B9 ^8 T3 H. HTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach tvboxnow.com. J0 V& Y1 K9 a: x
the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces
. x) g- J% G2 {: t公仔箱論壇inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
9 U' w6 `& Q) Q& _- Jfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.公仔箱論壇0 P; r9 `$ |9 D& \! F) A. v
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb  G: {8 z2 V! d4 ?
camera and an 800mm lens.
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4 |- M: Y! b; A& H# n& o6 g公仔箱論壇Yuba River Goldfields, California.- e$ F. M! Z. q) R9 ~
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 3 U, K% G) O; x
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
" x3 F$ i3 W5 L& B; j; }公仔箱論壇landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between./ O! C3 J* Z; ~7 X( C; q6 M) I
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。9 R1 p& I/ I. L* p3 U9 T
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
; b( z/ I: m) z1 y. hwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with : Z3 W4 t/ I7 m) `
685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.. `- ]& D- C3 X1 Y  ]' H
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
1 e) X2 X8 w# M/ X+ ^6 rtvboxnow.comextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the
0 a% ]/ y" ]% Z8 ptvboxnow.comgravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.
& p8 F* G& c) ztvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
1 K. u( l7 ~4 ~3 s公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。: {1 V5 ]/ }% d
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Toquepala Copper Mine, Peru
! m% E. N4 X8 ]& X$ ]5 L& N: Xtvboxnow.comLocated in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep. 公仔箱論壇0 a1 k  f, @* N  `5 I! Y
The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb# v0 U# E' f4 J( i& Q) I% K! n% n
constructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center,
6 |, M2 \5 w& j: e5 @heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space
" t3 H; d* ^$ u0 ?# R1 Rtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbStation on Sept. 22, 2003.
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+ @; Q; o# ^* ^+ ]/ \8 X/ {tvboxnow.comFreeport Mine, Indonesia
; s: L# e6 V3 H4 O& N( r; n( JThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
5 F! \, X) J' U9 \! S. R5 ]8 [Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
+ P7 d' }: B6 S, M2 x, m6 `公仔箱論壇the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
2 I4 T9 `! U7 x! A( Wextensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
; v  j7 V8 P: Q$ u  uThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.tvboxnow.com( U! H+ X: b& k9 R9 H
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, r* S8 @5 h1 u" a* ~3 y' htvb now,tvbnow,bttvbCananea Mine, Mexico
. m( s/ Q0 V- a+ P7 R' i公仔箱論壇The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
$ o- u7 n  c( Q6 C: c! c6 ~: cPit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
% ]* T& s, r+ @/ B7 ]) Ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvbgold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
% R  K! {2 ~! y1 J5 _5 _( w公仔箱論壇The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( f# c7 f+ s8 b! g; X3 ^
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 U) ~" ^' F3 G  v4 B3 N& N
A 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
- u& k0 v4 k$ j公仔箱論壇Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
5 Y6 A- z% c5 b; s, ?TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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3 Z; D9 v% P+ c9 t6 GPhosphate Mines, Jordan
/ T4 c  K8 q/ o4 ?" v1 ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbPhosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60
: I: R$ U* S% C* z0 F6 i- H  Spercent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists ; E& }( V+ X; a. C( S  C2 V* ?
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ |+ U2 t& j: {% E  S5 X' z
point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.
) q2 H$ ^# R* D. J' s. @5 Mtvboxnow.comThis image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 3 R4 v( A! |- V. v4 H; N
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。7 V2 b1 M# d9 h3 H$ d- u
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。, M8 h+ P3 N% H: P! A5 s
lower part of the image that appears striped.
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
$ ~9 v1 `$ h" Y/ \4 A8 ^TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
0 |9 p" X# T& {* d; _; Ztvboxnow.comabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped 8 i. A; e6 i3 H
land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb3 H5 l7 \8 ^: c( p( j6 ~
the metal was extracted.
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/ M! X0 ]* Q; d2 m: v$ T. k/ zHambach Coal Mines, Germany
4 Q% A$ R- J1 V5 L4 ~The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany.
8 t) k$ O; Z  o, \" c公仔箱論壇One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
5 c: P! V4 \' t7 e# ]2 Qis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.+ O! n2 x! {0 V& C1 i/ r
This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite # o, N1 h  j0 x: p8 O( G3 {1 q
Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are
# a5 T2 Q; v1 i& JTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.