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4 t, `3 m0 R. s" N9 y( mPeople have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
. w' A% q" A/ Q' D. A) A2 iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb5 E0 P; d7 H, c2 l
deforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。; d, b$ N, b0 A4 p9 Y
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
/ V" w5 N7 x6 I/ }# w公仔箱論壇astronauts and satellites on the following pages.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 O, J( E0 {. p. y  e% t

# `5 s  _- c0 X: y# x) iTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Above: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
, _" X0 T. K# D2 s0 OThis former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined. 公仔箱論壇7 @' p, t+ M; S: H
An elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
# r9 _' Z* i+ F) ^0 vToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filledtvboxnow.com" R; t8 n1 k1 E1 O: _2 b
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The tvboxnow.com8 n" q/ c* s' n9 N
water can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
3 F2 o3 k5 v$ r6 G. `5 E7 T公仔箱論壇Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
9 S  U% T# r2 z# p, v/ Dtvboxnow.comcontaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
& ]5 V. K* E* r; z* J2 Btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbwith gift shop and$2 admission fee.
: t/ z* D. T( U4 M- ~  a- x% ltvboxnow.comThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
8 r8 ~' j  U% J8 QTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb$ O. Q% V, Y4 B4 ~( K: r* _4 @
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+ X/ n. e$ m0 l) ?  m" u! }tvboxnow.comEscondida Mine, Chile
2 _" ^( h" i4 l3 t- d公仔箱論壇The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces 公仔箱論壇) k8 y1 T, c4 w5 s
more copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and 公仔箱論壇$ p/ N0 @$ u/ L: S& U
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
1 t7 ~, x3 U; m6 i9 ~4 nTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
5 t. [- E. b! [. x* vaboard NASA’s Terra satellite.
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( @' T% J# j& t) atvboxnow.comBingham Canyon Mine, Utahtvboxnow.com# O7 h0 \- r4 D3 h2 o7 k+ d
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。. o! R# K$ \! v3 l2 q
more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 公仔箱論壇0 _! J9 U+ n* P* l0 p2 _
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
* B" D) f$ J5 X; a/ K5 j  Ethe top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces 公仔箱論壇; Z/ _6 h9 E. {5 `
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80
+ y2 n$ E8 V& n" P% F2 Mtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfeet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.0 S/ u* I  P4 |  O
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital 5 z: F0 A' x# W1 w' z9 _! Y: z, _
camera and an 800mm lens.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 n1 g6 L  h1 }0 v/ x: K
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Yuba River Goldfields, California.公仔箱論壇+ N" T2 o$ F3 P0 K
The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada,
8 }4 H4 a; g, r' f0 |dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd
" |9 E$ X4 L* ?5 ]/ W# ~landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb7 `& t9 r# S: l, t* R* v3 p* `
Shortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic 2 M( g. J4 k/ L7 m# a
mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel, 8 S- b5 k$ U0 K! m& R
which was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
1 \7 p- N! u! s1 E9 _0 ]公仔箱論壇685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 j: L. y9 [$ p
Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
4 B4 @( h8 x; t/ n' R2 l- R  vtvboxnow.comextract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& V0 A0 Z# d+ Y& Z; i6 q
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government.tvboxnow.com8 e/ b( M0 h: h7 @/ r; Z. p/ p# i
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.
8 k( B/ Z3 X6 T, ^) r& V4 ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 M0 L$ G6 L6 z
TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。4 O7 [* Z! x4 ^5 |( i% H

$ B" r" G3 j8 ]: a0 F2 |6 L6 Ytvboxnow.comToquepala Copper Mine, Perutvboxnow.com1 v3 S6 x8 t" J9 A2 O6 l& @8 R
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
5 f2 G3 X0 r1 q1 ^( _8 LThe mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
: ^( \( h" g% K+ f9 C4 R7 Ctvboxnow.comconstructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 a# E3 @7 p, h+ b
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space 8 ~: p" `3 Z1 P' ^) r& m
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.4 N& F8 ?1 S9 r, e* a. \% _

# @: [" n) G* b% x8 x公仔箱論壇TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( @; _4 Z( ^" b0 [
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Freeport Mine, Indonesia2 k& [" a. I) y' }6 C# B
The Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
1 ]- ^, K2 U$ l# L  l: f8 a* `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
5 K" n* U+ L9 G6 f$ I+ ^the largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is
6 {7 U! G" c5 ~6 l2 sTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
' ?( K, L1 C5 Q1 GThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.6 k4 V# q0 }, y  [+ f- K) L

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! y  ?9 h& L: l4 j/ vTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。3 f1 m- a. j  O
Cananea Mine, Mexico' j! q/ Q6 n0 ~) _$ c
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada
9 Y* e: M% t1 }& J* bTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains 公仔箱論壇( B6 i$ ]* u' d. m; h
gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
1 r2 H, g6 p3 \* K% q* k" n/ zThe magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering
9 z6 ]: B8 G! Z2 s1 `0 i. }: Etvb now,tvbnow,bttvbthe rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
% |6 e/ C2 h: S  a# qA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
0 i! z8 |; {1 I% |( hTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.0 P9 `0 q6 |* a; X
This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
  C( ]" D$ w, C) Z! u公仔箱論壇tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb/ F0 n( B' R& [) m

3 ?! x. c' V; R0 b3 D3 H- Dtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。1 w) \  x8 {0 o( i" \
Phosphate Mines, Jordan
1 n& P9 e& L/ n$ X. x; l4 N0 C公仔箱論壇Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 公仔箱論壇) e% ?* u& I1 f  ]( Z8 r$ c) {
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists
. `. z. T" E- o$ Jtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbfear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
( x. @: l/ S1 b! f/ ZTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。point at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.: a! o  M' n5 l; A2 C$ u
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra 3 C. U8 Z: Q1 A+ L5 E3 d
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb) {' ~, u6 M# `6 X# C( \% X
blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the
- L& y+ f. E% {4 o  I  gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvblower part of the image that appears striped.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ u' h6 N8 D2 b: N6 a" w

/ F" T  g3 D* K5 a4 u$ e/ j) Itvboxnow.comtvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 O; J# t9 `$ H# B0 C0 @

0 q1 b$ I( v( _, {& g: A4 G& z. m0 `TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。New Cornelia Mine, Arizona公仔箱論壇* G1 Z" r2 h: n
Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
' w; p4 ~- J* [9 P; D! itvboxnow.comabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
! F2 b# C/ N4 L+ k2 N公仔箱論壇land just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where - G+ p7 ^: V; l1 F5 r2 B2 y
the metal was extracted.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。0 \- o# R4 Y# H* ?# U3 c& b
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% J" V! S8 H( G3 I5 x- V' v2 ETVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ N; a8 \) e5 s# i' v/ h
Hambach Coal Mines, Germany
4 }1 \! M7 t. d5 }3 \TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. tvboxnow.com3 U. @# |4 H- c2 t
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator . H, v! j7 `5 b* f2 P7 s5 l! k
is twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
8 p+ h8 ]$ \0 \/ ]8 k. m8 s4 |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbThis image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
5 T7 l" u# R  e# _9 J5 H- `' A公仔箱論壇Aug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb6 W% K+ j4 g% X) ^9 ^  Y/ ~
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.