公仔箱論壇1 w' p8 z* V5 x1 n. b# o
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People have become significant earth movers, outpacing all sources of natural erosion. More and more
  p6 N: L* e8 K( g. Q; n$ |8 GTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。of our footprint can be seen from space in many forms, including cities, reservoirs,agriculture and
2 `$ i/ M4 t/ u: j$ |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbdeforestation. Among the most impressive human scars on the planet are open-pit mines.公仔箱論壇- \7 \1 o, E, s& u9 I7 Z
We’ve gathered some of the biggest, most spectacular and interesting mines, as captured by
6 }0 M# d( U- i2 ~. E3 v; n0 X公仔箱論壇astronauts and satellites on the following pages.
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- q# ]9 d3 a: S, {9 M+ ]& |tvboxnow.comAbove: Berkeley Pit, Butte, Montana
9 E$ k" _3 l& S3 Q$ W* ?4 u! ], FTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This former copper mine operated between 1955 and 1982. Gold and silver were also mined.
  @3 b: G2 t2 H$ T8 y/ q# M( A8 h  |tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAn elaborate system of pumps and drains kept the local water level low enough for mining.
, B! N1 V2 E9 y' a2 m+ B8 c8 btvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToday, the 1,780 foot-deep pit is filled with around 900 feet of very contaminated water filled0 u. z5 H3 s) V2 X
with metals and chemicals such as arsenic, cadmium, pyrite, zinc,copper and sulfuric acid. The
9 A2 t! c0 i9 s% N1 M& P0 M( kwater can be as acidic as battery acid,and copper can actually be “mined” directly from the water.
3 X' B, \: M, u: H% D( T9 V* z公仔箱論壇Currently, the 1-mile-by-0.5-mile pit is listed as a federal Superfund site with the potential to
: D$ s  z! x0 s# ~contaminate surrounding ground water, and,surprisingly, is also a tourist attraction, complete
. e( k# ~2 @, ^2 q; ~公仔箱論壇with gift shop and$2 admission fee.
0 N8 a4 y9 N9 FThis photograph was taken Aug. 2, 2006, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station.
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Escondida Mine, Chiletvboxnow.com( t9 ]" F8 I9 I
The Escondida mine, opened in 1990 at 10,000 feet in northern Chile’s Atacama desert, currently produces
" D, J# O" u/ a4 w& w* otvboxnow.commore copper than any other mine in the world, with 1.5 million tons in 2007, worth more than $10 billion and TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。/ L  ~9 Q2 \  E( H; Y4 v
representing nearly a tenth of world copper production. More than 6,000 people work at the mine.
0 j! q1 n# z6 ^  F- J4 ]: WTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was captured in 2000 by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer
- H6 P" {; F  D2 vtvboxnow.comaboard NASA’s Terra satellite.tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" B( Z$ f' x0 ~2 A! i1 X
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; a" h$ G2 f2 c# L8 ytvb now,tvbnow,bttvbBingham Canyon Mine, Utah公仔箱論壇: w- n1 \9 d, q; o% m# a. y3 S
Located 20 miles outside Salt Lake City in the Oquirrh Mountains, the Bingham Canyon copper pit has produced
; D4 _( I) G7 B7 W$ ~  DTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。more than 18million tons of copper over its lifetime, more than any other mine in the world. The pit is about 2.75 : e% X3 T9 a+ j) [) ^0 C
miles wide and 4,000 feet deep. Two Empire State buildings stacked one on top of the the other wouldn’t reach
) X0 _* x: n# {3 Q! X- B公仔箱論壇the top. By 2015, the mine will be 500 feet deeper, and a third Empire State building will fit inside. The terraces TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。& A1 A# y' p9 q% w/ ^% w
inside the pit,which provide a base for the digging equipment and also stabilize the slopes, can be more than 80 % K% f, V1 E" z
feet high. Opened in 1904, the site has been named a historic landmark.公仔箱論壇+ V4 |$ @& u! }1 j8 J) T8 M$ S% g
This photograph was taken Sept. 20, 2007, by astronauts aboard the International Space Station with a digital TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。" ]1 F$ |; d! A1 C3 _9 R0 D
camera and an 800mm lens.
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( C& }) h6 ~8 t0 o' X8 Q3 r- l公仔箱論壇Yuba River Goldfields, California.
5 b' r7 b# }  w! d3 d2 R. r$ `$ q公仔箱論壇The Yuba Goldfields are a strange culmination of years of pressure-jet mining for gold upstream in the Sierra Nevada, 公仔箱論壇6 K- {+ R% ?% c0 t9 i0 l
dredging the tailings out of the river, and mining the tailings for gold and then later for gravel. The result is an odd TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 s. d  C( d; a; C+ [
landscape of reddish-brown and gray hills of gravel with water-filled ravines in between.
; j( b3 f4 Z. q0 e6 Ktvb now,tvbnow,bttvbShortly after gold was discovered in the Sierra Nevadain 1848, panning gave way to highly destructive hydraulic
: R% P( F) Y  q: r% \% o3 o, g# c' }mining, which involves blasting sediment away with high-powered jets of water. Gold was extracted from the gravel,
  H4 `- f3 }+ `8 V6 i" f9 b) dwhich was then dumped and carried downstream by rivers into the Sacramento Valley. The Yuba River ended up with
+ S" ?* B/ T* N/ ?( |3 k4 E  d- G& Ltvb now,tvbnow,bttvb685 million cubic feet of the mine waste, which raised the level of the river, overflowed the banks and buried farms.
' f. Z( Z: Q9 l$ C/ Z( M+ F公仔箱論壇Dredging of the Yuba began in 1893, and soon after,mining companies began to sift and re sift through the debris to
0 |  n7 G9 l' q. textract ever-smaller bits of gold. By 1970, all economically feasible gold removal had been completed, and mining of the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb, F. }  w/ \# T9 U1 k" ]  F, J/ n
gravel for concrete began. Today, ownership of the land is disputed among mining companies, private owners and the government., C! {9 o: p5 x+ I
This image was taken by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra satellite Aug. 29, 2001.2 x3 ]& b1 q, _; D3 u
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0 }8 t% Q, Z/ z9 b5 Z  P  w4 ^tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbToquepala Copper Mine, PeruTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。8 H" E' x2 z+ P0 G8 h( [$ P
Located in the Andes Mountains in southern Peru, the Toquepala mine is 1.5 miles wide and 2,300 feet deep.
- J: Q3 T  H  \7 S4 |The mine’s main output is copper, but it also produces gold, silver and molybdenum. The railroad that was
+ y1 M0 ?* K& p1 f* A2 N1 [: {! Wconstructed to carry the ore 60 miles to the coast can be seen winding down a canyon left of the center, tvboxnow.com7 U6 F; M; f8 `, {- k/ @0 X
heading southwest from the mine. This image was captured by astronauts aboard the International Space tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb8 L! `; x& G5 g4 S3 W. _# |# ~
Station on Sept. 22, 2003.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。6 l& h( _4 j2 g0 H5 w/ m

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Freeport Mine, Indonesia
( b3 V, x9 U9 CThe Freeport Mine, also known as the Grasberg complex,is a huge mining operation in Indonesia’s Sudirman
  G" d* T# p& [& y公仔箱論壇Mountains. Copper was discovered here in 1936, and gold was first found in 1988. Today,the mine is one of
, I" K4 k( K8 W7 i. Ethe largest gold- and copper-extraction operations in the world. The open pit is 2.5 miles wide, and there is 9 G" i% I& V$ _- E1 i
extensive underground mining in the area as well. Glaciers are also visible in the image.
/ d* l5 q2 f; K9 g/ ^2 Ttvboxnow.comThis photograph was taken June 25, 2005, by astronauts on the International Space Station.公仔箱論壇/ T0 @9 T. J( m
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# L+ a0 S5 }) L; _5 qCananea Mine, Mexico0 L( f( }4 j& @1 c$ E3 t
The Cananea mine is located 25 miles south of the United States border in Sonora, Mexico. The active Colorada 公仔箱論壇% K1 e; F" @4 e2 t
Pit in the upper right is 1.6 miles across. It is one of the largest copper producers in the world and also contains
) d' h# L& i& }2 {TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。gold. Those two metals are often found together where hot magma forced its way up into the overlying bedrock.
6 q2 Z+ w5 {' aTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。The magma crystallized there while hot fluids circulated through it and into fractures in the surrounding rock,altering tvboxnow.com: o1 }) E, r- t$ T3 A6 m
the rock to produce copper-rich minerals and gold.
; b+ [, b% ^7 \1 s" [0 yA 1906 miner’s strike at Cananea turned violent and resulted in 19 deaths, contributing to events that led to the
' n0 y7 J. t" b. PTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。Mexican Revolution in 1910. Another strike stopped work at the mine in 2007.
$ J  |# u% o+ bTVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。This image was taken by astronauts aboard the International Space Station on March 3, 2008.
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Phosphate Mines, Jordantvb now,tvbnow,bttvb+ Y! [. Y& i) B/ V$ d0 J; W+ C! Y2 j
Phosphate mining is an important industry in Jordan,which has abundant deposits of the mineral on approximately 60 3 p' }, D/ z/ Z! M
percent of its territory. Phosphorus is essential to living things, and food can’t be produced without it. Some scientists ! z4 Z& ^, l& c$ C$ |
fear a shortage of this critical resource is impending and have predicted the world will reach “Peak Phosphorus,” the
' X9 h) m( K0 `$ {5 s9 Y7 \tvboxnow.compoint at which production will begin to decline, just 30 years from now. There is currently no synthetic alternative.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。+ c0 v. P& J( X0 U
This image was capture by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer on NASA’s Terra TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。( Q2 t' G  W) ]& ^( {4 y
satellite Sept. 17, 2005. It is a false-color composite of visible and infrared images. Vegetation appears red, water is
* c0 {5 I/ g3 ?/ C) w公仔箱論壇blue, and rock and soil can be anywhere from buff to black. The mining operation is the area just left of center in the tvb now,tvbnow,bttvb" p7 Q% W7 P( R. y* z  {/ W
lower part of the image that appears striped.公仔箱論壇8 @3 ?4 {( W$ h; e/ k
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New Cornelia Mine, Arizona
2 a( ]5 b2 I: O' G+ m6 C公仔箱論壇Copper was first mined from this area just south of the mining town of Ajo, Arizona, around 1750. The open-pit mine pictured
) T5 V; o+ C! \tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbabove began being excavated in earnest in 1912. It was shut down in 1983 when the price of copper dropped. The scalloped
9 Z$ Q- W4 R: @0 U7 N+ E& \" utvb now,tvbnow,bttvbland just to the right of the mine is covered in tailings, and the large gray rectangles above that are containment ponds where 公仔箱論壇+ z, k; y* T1 B( I& g6 A% v' G9 b
the metal was extracted.TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。' y3 h" J( [$ d: R& L5 E

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5 k- C, G* T- z. }, T) Gtvb now,tvbnow,bttvbHambach Coal Mines, Germany$ A' J' F3 g- k) m/ n% n
The bright white-and-dark-blue–striped areas on the right side of this image are opencast coal mines in mid western Germany. TVBNOW 含有熱門話題，最新最快電視，軟體，遊戲，電影，動漫及日常生活及興趣交流等資訊。- X: E9 x2 P6 X. z" @
One of the mines is currently being worked by the Bagger 293, the largest machine in the world.The bucket-wheel excavator
% O0 C5 f1 z. X9 e" l/ O7 {tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbis twice as long as a soccer field and a stall as a 30-story building, and digs up 30 million tons of lignite per year.
" a0 \2 M" |- d0 t* m: W公仔箱論壇This image, captured by the Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer aboard NASA’s Terra satellite
) _& n* w$ h; m" a  @tvb now,tvbnow,bttvbAug. 26, 2000, is a simulated natural-color image. The bright-green rectangular patches are crops, the gray patches are tvboxnow.com9 h4 J) r7 ~4 z7 |) \5 s
bare ground, and the bluish-gray areas are towns.